Choreography is the art of designing sequences of movements in which motion, form, or both are specified. Choreography may also refer to the design itself, which is sometimes expressed by means of dance notation Dance notation is the symbolic representation of dance movement. It is analogous to movement notation but can be limited to representing human movement and specific forms of dance such as Tap dance. Various methods have been used to visually represent dance movements including:. The word choreography literally means "dance-writing" from the Greek words "χορεία" (circular dance, see choreia) and "γραφή" (writing). A choreographer is one who creates choreographies.
The term choreography first appeared in the American English dictionary in the 1950s.[1] Prior to this, movie credits used various terms to mean choreography, such as "ensembles staged by"[2] and "dances staged by"[3].
Usage
Although used primarily in dance Dance is an art form that generally refers to movement of the body, usually rhythmic and to music, used as a form of expression, social interaction or presented in a spiritual or performance setting, choreography is also employed in various other activities that involve human movement Sport science is a discipline that studies the application of scientific principles and techniques with the aim of improving sporting performance. Human movement is a related scientific discipline that studies human movement in all contexts including that of sport, including:
- Cheerleading Cheerleading is an intense physical activity, sometimes a competitive sport, using organized routines, usually ranging from one to three minutes, which contain the components of tumbling, dance, jumps, cheers, and stunting to direct spectators of events to cheer on sports teams at games or to participate in competitions. The person involved is
- Cinematography Cinematography , is the making of lighting and camera choices when recording photographic images for the cinema. It is closely related to the art of still photography. Many additional issues arise when both the camera and elements of the scene may be in motion, though this also greatly increases the creative possibilities of the process
- Gymnastics Gymnastics is an activity and sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength, flexibility, agility, co-ordination, balance, and grace. Internationally, all of the gymnastic sports are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique with each country having its own national governing body affiliated to FIG
- Fashion shows
- Ice skating Ice skating is moving on ice by using ice skates. It can be done for a variety of reasons, including leisure, travelling, and various sports. Ice skating occurs both on specially prepared indoor and outdoor tracks, as well as on naturally occurring bodies of frozen water such as lakes and rivers
- Marching bands Marching band is a group of instrumental musicians and usually dance teams / color guard who generally perform outdoors and incorporate some type of marching with their musical performance. Instrumentation typically includes brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments. Most marching bands use some kind of uniform (often of a military style) that
- Synchronized swimming Synchronized swimming is a hybrid form of swimming, dance and gymnastics, consisting of swimmers performing a synchronized routine of elaborate moves in the water, accompanied by music. Synchronized swimming demands advanced water skills, and requires great strength, endurance, flexibility, grace, artistry and precise timing, as well as
Techniques
In dance Dance is an art form that generally refers to movement of the body, usually rhythmic and to music, used as a form of expression, social interaction or presented in a spiritual or performance setting, choreography is also known as dance composition The term dance composition is used to describe the practice and teaching of choreography and the navigation or connection of choreographic structures. Dance compositions are created by applying one or both of these fundamental choreographic techniques:
- Improvisation, in which a choreographer provides dancers with a score (i.e., generalized directives) that serves as guidelines for improvised movement and form. For example, a score might direct one dancer to withdraw from another dancer, who in turn is directed to avoid the withdrawal, or it might specify a sequence of movements that are to be executed in an improvised manner over the course of a musical phrase, as in contra dance choreography Contra dance choreography specifies the dance formation, the figures, and the sequence of those figures in a dance. The figures usually repeat in a consistent pattern aligned with the phrasing of the music. Notably, contra dance figures do not have defined footwork; within the limits of the music and the comfort of their fellow dancers,. Improvisational scores typically offer wide latitude for personal interpretation by the dancer.
- Planned choreography, in which a choreographer dictates motion and form in detail, leaving little or no opportunity for the dancer to exercise personal interpretation.
See also
Articles
- Ballet master 'Ballet Master' is the term used for an employee of a ballet company who is responsible for the level of competence of the dancers in their company. In modern times, ballet masters (or ballet mistress for a female) are generally charged with teaching the daily company ballet class and rehearsing the dancers for both new and established ballets in
- List of choreographers
- Stage Directors and Choreographers Society The Stage Directors and Choreographers Society , formerly known as Society of Stage Directors and Choreographers (SSDC), is an independent national labor union established in 1959, representing theatrical directors and choreographers, working on Broadway and on National tours, Off-Broadway, and in various resident, regional, stock and dinner
- Dance improvisation Dance improvisation is the creation of improvised movement and is sometimes associated with 20th century concert dance but is not exclusive to that genre
- Contact improvisation Contact improvisation is a dance technique in which points of physical contact provide the starting point for exploration through movement improvisation. Contact Improvisation is a form of dance improvisation and is one of the best-known and most characteristic forms of postmodern dance
- Movement director A Movement director is involved with actor movement in a variety of production settings that include theatre, television, film, opera and animation. Within these settings, Movement directors usually work closely with the director and the actors, collaborating with the creative team to realise the physical life of a work. They propose a physical
Categories
References
- ^ "Frankie Manning: Lindy Hop Pioneer". Presented by Amanda Wilde. Radio Intersection. KUOW KUOW-FM 94.9 is a National Public Radio affiliate radio station in Seattle, Washington. It is the second-most listened-to radio station in the Seattle/Tacoma media market and the most listened-to news radio station in the state. It is a service of the University of Washington Puget Sound Public Radio, Seattle, WA Seattle (pronounced /siːˈæɾəl/ , us dict: sē·ăt′·əl) is located in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Situated in the western part of Washington State on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 96 miles (154 km) south of the Canada – United States border, it is named. 2006-10-26. 12:31 minutes in.
- ^ Mark Sandrich One of the most gifted and least heralded directors of the 1930s and early 1940s, Sandrich was an engineering student at Columbia University when he started the movie business by accident. When visiting a friend on a film set, he saw that the director had a problem in setting up a shot; Sandrich offered his advice. It worked. He then entered into (Director). (1935). Top Hat A top hat, silk hat, cylinder hat, chimney pot hat or stove pipe hat is a tall, flat-crowned, broad-brimmed hat worn prior to and including the 19th and early 20th centuries. Now, it is usually worn only with morning dress or white tie, in dressage, as servants' or doormen's livery, or as a fashion statement. [DVD]. RKO Radio Pictures RKO Pictures is an American film production and distribution company. As Radio Pictures Inc. and then RKO Radio Pictures Inc., it was one of the so-called Big Five studios of Hollywood's Golden Age. The business was formed after the Keith-Albee-Orpheum (KAO) theater chains and Joseph P. Kennedy's Film Booking Offices of America (FBO) studio were. Event occurs at 00:01:15. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0027125/. Retrieved 2007-08-08. "Ensembles Staged by Hermes Pan Hermes Pan was an American dancer and choreographer, principally celebrated as Fred Astaire's choreographic collaborator on the famous 1930s movie musicals starring Astaire and Ginger Rogers"
- ^ Edward Cahn Edward L. Cahn was an American film director. He is best known for directing Our Gang comedies from 1939 to 1943, and a long line of other short subjects and b-movies afterwards (Director). (1942). Our Gang Our Gang, also known as The Little Rascals or Hal Roach's Rascals, was a series of American comedy short films about a group of poor neighborhood children and the adventures they had together. Created by comedy producer Hal Roach, Our Gang was produced at the Roach studio starting in 1922 as a silent short subject series. Roach changed in "Melodies Old and New". [DVD]. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc., or MGM, is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of films and television programs. MGM was founded in 1924 when the entertainment entrepreneur Marcus Loew gained control of Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures Corporation and Louis B. Mayer Pictures. Event occurs at 00:00:20. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0035055/. Retrieved 2007-08-07. "Dancer Staged by Steven Granger and Gladys Rubens"
Further reading
- Blom, L, A. and Tarin Chaplin, L. (1989) The Intimate Act of Choreography. Dance Books. ISBN 0-8229-5342-0
- Ellfeldt, L. (1998) A Primer for Choreographers . Waveland Press. ISBN 0-88133-350-6
- Minton, S, C. (1997) Choreography: A Basic Approach Using Improvisation. Human Kinetics . ISBN 0-88011-529-7
- Tufnell, M. and Vaughan, D. (1999) Body Space Image : Notes Toward Improvisation and Performance. Princeton Book Co. ISBN 1-85273-041-2
- Smith-Autard, J, M. (2000) Dance Composition. Routledge. ISBN 0-87830-118-6
External links
Categories: Choreography | Dance technique | Performing arts | Theatrical professions
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